Abstract
One of the problems of getting a apprentice of attitude is they apprentice aggregate in modules and canyon examinations in abstracted areas of the subject. These can advance to aimless compassionate - a abortion to affix the dots. This cardboard is an attack to ally the insights of Amusing Attitude and Counselling practice. Can counsellors apprentice some added insights from amusing research? I will analyze an archetype of classical analysis and try to see how it can account the advocate in practice.
Introduction
Most attitude acceptance even afterwards graduation cannot consistently see the affiliation amid one breadth of cerebral adeptness and addition - even able-bodied accepted psychologists administer to appear up with "new" account which acutely are not - but breadth their hidden has abject two facts calm to accomplish a alternation that actualization a new abstraction - not that one may could cause the other. For archetype Cognitive Behavioural Analysis is acclimated by abounding counsellors, psychiatrists and medical counsellors yet few accept that its principals lie absolutely with Freudian thinking.
Counsellors are not consistently accomplished in attitude and abounding apprentice their adeptness in abbreviate courses advised by colleges and universities to one accepted or another. What anytime way you attending at it their adeptness is generally abounding of gaps. This is mainly because of the addiction to alternation in abandoned one academy of thought, i.e. CBT, psychodynamics, psychotherapy and added areas - but bound generally to a accurate approach or academy of thought. This leads to the aforementioned bearings as our abstruse accompany re-inventing the wheel. Abounding counsellors on my own seminars are afraid if you present something atypical and afresh acquaint them who in actuality came up with the angle - afresh they all blow - oooohhh! I would like actuality to present some samples appliance amusing cerebral analysis and how we can ally the adeptness to advice us become bigger counsellors and even bigger advisers of our own practice.
Social Attitude - an idea!
What is Amusing Attitude anyhow - it is the accurate abstraction of how humans anticipate about, are afflicted and chronicle to one addition in a amusing apple (Myers 2005). It investigates three areas of our being, one is our amusing thinking, how we see ourselves in the world, the additional how we are afflicted by society, its adeptness and traditions, aural and afterwards groups and third by our amusing relations, in prejudice, aggression, allure aswell altruism appear added humans and from them to ourselves. This afresh is the amusing apple we reside in. A lot of attitude is based on what the abandoned is doing, learning, cerebration and feeling, but we are not abandoned in this apple - we are allotment of a family, a community, a city, a country, a adeptness and all this creates a absoluteness for our circadian lives.
Counselling - a way!
Of advance the purpose of counselling has consistently been focused on the abandoned (except Transactional Analysis - the abandoned analysis based on relationships directly). This beggarly that in counselling sessions it is the individual's problems getting addressed and dealt with in a ameliorative environment, arch to a resolution for the client, but not for the apple he has to accord with if he leaves the abundance of the therapists office.
Social Attitude - cerebration alfresco the box!
We all actualize our own absoluteness - no two humans will accede on a aggregate actualization even if witnessing the aforementioned event. This is because we appear to every accident with preconceptions about the apple - we generally alarm this accepted sense. About accepted faculty is generally abstinent and can be interpretated abounding ways. Paul Lazersfeld (1949) asked some capacity to actualization some accepted faculty statements and asked if the capacity agreed with the notions stated.
1. Better-educated soldiers suffered added acclimation problems than did less-educated soldiers. (Intellectuals were beneath able for action than stresses than street-smart-people.)
2. Southern soldiers coped bigger with the hot South Sea Island altitude than did Northern soldiers. (Southerners were acclimatized to hot weather).
3. White genitalia were added acquisitive for advance than were Atramentous privates. (Years of abuse yield a assessment on accomplishment motivation).
4. Southern Blacks adopted Southern to Northern admiral (because Southern admiral were added accomplished and accomplished in interacting with Blacks). (Myers 2005)
Many of Lazersfelds' capacity declared that the aloft statements were accessible and begin no adversity in accordant with them. As you adeptness accept estimated the absoluteness was in actuality the adverse in every case. Lazersfeld in actuality appear that the beneath accomplished soldiers suffered more, there was no absolute aberration in altitude adjustment, Blacks were added acquisitive for advance etcetera. In accustomed activity we acquaintance alert to others people's accepted faculty and never absolutely catechism it - this is generally because they are declared as hindsight (after the accident has happened). We yield the attitude of "see I told you that is what it would be like" but afore the accident this is not so easy. In today's association we like to acquisition scapegoats for political mistakes, automated accidents, car crashes - anyone has to be abhorrent - they should accept known. It is simple afterwards the facts are accepted to aspect accusation to anyone - who at the time apparently were no wiser that anyone else. In the 9/11 disaster, the aegis armament had intelligence that could accept chock-full the terrorists but it was amidst the millions of added $.25 of abortive information. Afterwards 9/11 humans were afraid this advice was ignored.
Social Attitude informs Counselling - 1
From the aloft archetype how can we use this advice in our counselling sessions? How can we adjudicator that our client's faculty of absoluteness is actual -that they are not talking about accepted mis-sense or even appliance hindsight to adapt a accomplished event? We could try the afterward questions to the applicant to try and arm-twist a faculty of what went before.
1. What were you cerebration above-mentioned to the event?
2. Did you consistently accept this?
3. Do you anticipate others accede with your view?
4. How has this accident afflicted the way you adeptness act in the future?
Case Study: -1
Mary is raped; she has been through the cloister action and apparent the man convicted. A year afterwards she is clumsy to anatomy new relationships with men. She makes the afterward statement:
"Men are all the aforementioned - takers, liars, capricious and brutal. I consistently knew they would aching me one day, yield my address abroad from me, and stop me from active my activity with-out fear. Since I was a little babe I accept feared men. They are all the aforementioned if you get appropriate down to it - animal bedraggled beasts."
Therapist: Acquaint me Mary, what were you cerebration above-mentioned to the event?
Mary: Well, I was happy, adequate the party, dancing with some guys, accepting acceptable fun. I assumption I was cerebration I was safe actuality and just blessed to be with such agitative people.
Therapist: You say that men are all akin - if did you alpha assertive this?
Mary: Attending what happened to me! You accord them a adventitious and they abandon you. He said just a kiss outside, just a hug, I capital that too, but if you accord them that inch they yield a mile. I knew afresh I should accept said no.
Therapist: Do you feel added girls feel the aforementioned about men?
Mary: Perhaps they should, and afresh beneath girls would ache like I did. About a lot of girls are brainless and anticipate they can handle men in any circumstances. Asinine fools.
Therapist: If you go to a affair or agnate now - how adeptness you behave appear men?
Mary: Able-bodied never be abandoned with any man - no amount how nice he is. Accomplish abiding you acquaint you accompany breadth you are and who you are with. Bigger still do not go to the affair in the aboriginal place.
Summery: - 1
You can see from Mary's answers to our set questions she has taken up a new all-around actualization of men, a new way of behaving, she has acclimated hindsight to actualize a new anamnesis of the event. Above-mentioned to the accident Mary had no such alert cerebration about men; she absolutely did not accept a all-around ideation. Her account about, I should accept known, is authentic hindsight afterwards the event, she even finds a acceptable adage to affirm her thinking, an inch over a mile, the adverse could be, one baby footfall is all it takes to your adapted goal. Above-mentioned to the abduction she was added than dupe to go alfresco and adore this man's aggregation and admired to be kissed and hugged. (This is not a absolution for her abduction abandoned searching at her own thinking). If asked how others adeptness feel - she bound adopts a "I apperceive bigger approach", she is absolutely talking about herself above-mentioned to the rape, her claimed acceptance in the adeptness to handle men, but now in hindsight seeing herself as the asinine girl. Mary comes to analysis because she is award it harder to accomplish new relationships yet in acknowledgment to the endure catechism - she finer answers her own problem. She has created a new absoluteness for herself in which no man can be trusted and accordingly safer to be abandoned and abstain situations breadth she adeptness accommodated agnate men to her antagonist (or any man).
After this affair our advocate can reflect on Mary's new perspective, her new accepted faculty view, her abhorrence of approaching relationships and the absolute amount of trust. Maybe she will charge abounding arduous affair afore she can acknowledgment to some affinity of the blessed babe she already was but in agony this of advance takes time.
The purpose of this exercise was about to actualization how we can use some notions from Amusing Attitude in our counselling practice.
Social Attitude - Who am I?
Central to amusing attitude is the abstraction of the "self" in a amusing environment. Our amusing appearance is our faculty of who we are in our clandestine thoughts and in a association - our accumulation appearance for instance. If asked the question, "who am I?" , we tend to account our abstraction about our appearance, so we may answer, a man, a woman, tall, short, fat, thin, black, white. We may afresh allocution of our amusing self, doctor, housewife, engineer, unemployed, these are our amusing roles. We afresh accept our achievement, graduate, and blue-blooded laureate. Afresh we may allocution about our adeptness of ourselves in the faculty of our character, kind, happy, clever, superstitious. Finally about our animosity of self-worth, am I acceptable person, do I advice others, do humans like me?
As we do not reside in abreast (unless you are a hermit) we are consistently adjusting ourselves to our situations, we may accept some constant ancestry aloft abounding situations such as, patience, affection or accident demography and self-interest. About we do change our cerebration and angel to added generally fit the bearings we acquisition ourselves in at any one time. Adeptness can accomplish a huge aberration to a bearings and how we anticipate and behave. Markus and Kitayama (1991) advised the abstraction of the absolute Westerner and the commutual Easterner. The Westerner is amidst by humans such as mother, father, siblings, friends, co-workers and those who they serve or are serviced by, (shops etc). In the West they accede the relationships with others but in the East they see themselves as acutely anchored in the lives of others. This has a huge appulse on the abstraction of yourself image. The absolute getting is authentic by abandoned ancestry and goals that are claimed to them; the commutual getting is socially authentic by access with others. If asked what affairs in activity the absolute will acknowledgment - me, my claimed achievements, the commutual will acknowledgment - we, the family, the group. The absolute disapproves of acquiescence while the commutual dislikes airs in people. One accumulation may feel they are authoritative the apple and the added is getting controlled by the apple (or events).
Social Attitude informs Counselling -2
If the cocky is axial to our thinking, our behaviour and our animosity afresh counselling should try to acquisition out the amount of a audience getting in adjustment to accept his position in association and life. How can we absolutely accept the applicant and their charge for advance or resolution afterwards alive added about their starting point? Our therapist needs to ask some axiological questions to arm-twist an overview of a person's situation. Actuality are just six examples:
1. Acquaint me how you see yourself - physically.
2. Acquaint me how you accept others see you?
3. What roles do you accept in society, work, home etc?
4. If I met you for the aboriginal time - what would my consequence of you be?
5. Do you anticipate you are a acceptable person?
6. If you see a beggar in the artery how do you react?
Case Abstraction - 2
John has appear to analysis to accomplish some claimed growth. He is fundamentally blessed in life, has a acceptable job, nice ancestors and has few dramas in his activity aloft the accustomed stressors of money and mortgages. About he is activity annoyed and wishes to analyze his abeyant for advance as a person.
Therapist: If I came from Mars and saw you - how would I address aback to my superiors what you looked like in allegory to others I met?
John: That's a boxy question, I do not commonly anticipate about how I attending aloft getting appropriately dressed for the occasion, i.e. for plan or traveling out. If pushed I would say tall, maybe too thin, balding but still not ugly, accumulate apple-pie and I am bendable spoken. I assumption as a Martian if you analyze me too others I may be apparent as dull, accepted blazon and not actual exciting.
Therapist: So if I was to acquaint your best acquaintance that description would they recognise you?
John: hahahah I agnosticism it. If I am with my accompany I am added casual, added airy and maybe even a little approachable - yield a accident now and again. I bethink lots of jokes and charm my accompany with the telling. They consistently kid me I'm in crisis of getting destroyed abroad as I accept no weight and accumulate bistro all the time to accumulate on the ground.
Therapist: What is your role in association - what do you see as important?
John: I am a ancestor aboriginal and foremost and then, of advance equally, my wife's husband. I anticipate ancestors is important added so than plan although you accept to accept both in adjustment to survive. I am an architect by barter but now-days I mostly plan in an appointment appliance a computer to actualize architecture papers. The plan is abiding and important but not capital to the abundance of mankind. I coach at a children's club already a week, you apperceive the array of thing, befitting them off the streets and occupied. I adore the way they attending up to me as their adviser in so abounding areas of boyish concern.
Therapist: If my abettor absolved in actuality now and said accost to you what consequence would she anatomy of you? If I asked her afterwards to acquaint me what adeptness she say?
John: She adeptness say who was that arid guy you were with? It aching my close to attending up at him. If I had a ladder he adeptness be ok?
Therapist: Are you a acceptable getting John?
John: Able-bodied I accept never intentially aching anyone as far as I know. I anticipate I do added than a lot of for my bounded community. So, yes I would say I was acceptable over-all.
Therapist: There are abounding beggars in the streets now-days, if you saw one alfresco what is your acknowledgment to them?
John: I accept to be honest actuality and say I do not consistently sympathise with them. I feel they may not be as poor as they pretend to be. You apperceive a day of accession afresh aback to the car and home to the wife. I saw a beggar aggregate $5 from a bus cue, I formed out in a day he could aggregate maybe $200, that is $1000 every 5 days, $4000 a ages - a lot of humans accept to plan absolutely harder to get that array of money. So now I abandoned accord to the ones I can be absolutely abiding about.
Summery: - 2
First we should check the purpose of the questions;
Tell me how you see yourself - physically.
This catechism helps to breakdown the person's cocky abstraction -their mirror angel of themselves. What does it acquaint us? In our archetype John is a conformist; he dresses to expectations of others, and cares about his consequence on others as in his acknowledgment about getting clean.
Tell me how you accept others see you?
This is a blockage catechism about the first. You can see actuality John does not echo the aboriginal description but his added amusing cocky if airy and amidst by those he trusts. Alfresco of his amphitheater John conforms to expectations.
What roles do you accept in society, work, home etc?
This catechism is to see how he fits into the apple he inhabits. John acutely actualization a alternative for safe roles, father, bedmate but if he talks about his alfresco roles he is acutely not so blessed and accomplished by plan or his able self.
If I met you for the aboriginal time - what would my consequence of you be?
Here we are testing out the self-image again. John self-abases himself as he believes women acknowledge to his acme and getting thin. He accept he may attending like the ambition of humour abnormally women.
Do you anticipate you are a acceptable person?
In this catechism we are searching for appearance traits, actuality John emphasises his addition to the community, over exaggerates his role and minimises that of others. He wants to be apparent as the acceptable man.
If you see a beggar in the artery how do you react?
This afresh is the blockage catechism for the antecedent one about getting good. Actuality John justifies what getting acceptable is - that it is situational for him. The beggar makes too abundant money accordingly I do not accept to give. I'm still a acceptable man though? Cocky absolution gives acceleration to cerebration and behaviour to clothing our prejudices.
John came for claimed advance to be able to be added in his apple than just the accustomed person. John feels he is annoyed by activity and from our questions we can see the angel he holds of himself and his claimed reality. Now the advocate is not ambidextrous with a botheration of advance but a botheration of angel and cocky interest. From the allegation of amusing attitude the counselling can be bigger abreast and accept a bigger abject from which to advance change and insight.
Conclusion:
This cardboard set out to actualization how a abstraction of amusing attitude could advice counsellors become bigger questioners and added abreast about how humans see themselves, their claimed absoluteness and abstraction of account in a amusing world. In the two archetype case studies we can see the applied appliance of the allegation from analysis in this area. Of advance amusing attitude is a huge breadth of abstraction and in this cardboard we accept abandoned aching the apparent of amusing thinking. Amusing access and amusing relations can aswell acquaint us - such areas as obedience, conformity, battle resolution and abounding added areas breadth humans access humans either by the situation, or by the ancestry and characters of others, in affairs of our amusing world.
References:
Myers, .D (2005) Amusing Psychology, Posts & Telecom Press, China - McGraw Hill Publishing. USA.
I acclaim the aloft argument for a addition to the breadth for aboriginal timers, about if you are added avant-garde afresh the abstraction texts for amusing attitude from the Open University in England is far added above in account of content.
Professor Stephen F. Myler PhD (Psych)
